Például:

I’ll go to London – Mary says. – Londonba fogok menni – mondja Mary.
I have three brothers – Peter said. – Három testvérem van – mondta Péter.

Függő beszédet pedig akkor használunk, amikor nem direkt idézzük valakinek a szavait, hanem egy bevezető ige segítségével mi (vagy valaki más) elmondjuk, hogy valaki más mit mond, vagy mit mondott.

Például:

Mary says (that) she will go to London. – Mary azt mondja, (hogy) Londonba fog menni.

Peter said (that) he has/had three brothers.  – Péter azt mondta, hogy három testvére van. (Attól függően, hogy még mindig érvényben van-e a kijelentés.)

Ha függő beszédet szeretnénk használni, akkor mindenképpen szükségünk van egy igére, amely bevezeti azt a mondatot, amit a másik személy mond. Leggyakrabban ilyen esetekben a SAY és a TELL igéket használjuk. 

SAY – TELL

A SAY igét egyenes és függő beszédben is lehet használni. Függő beszédben akkor használjuk, amikor nem mondjuk meg, hogy az a valaki kinek mondta, amit mondott. A TELL igét akkor használjuk, amikor ez az információ is szerepel a mondatban.

Egyenes beszéd: She said to me „I can’t drive.”
Függő beszéd: She said that she couldn’t drive.
Függő beszéd: She told me that she couldn’t drive. 

kifejezések a SAY igével:             

say good morning/good night – jó reggelt/jó éjszakát kívánni
say something – mondani valamit
say one’s prayers – elmondja az imáit
say a few words – mindani pár szót

kifejezések a TELL igével:            

tell the truth – megmondja az igazat
tell a lie – hazudni
tell somebody the time – megmondja valakinek az időt
tell a story – elmond egy történetet
tell a secret – elárul egy titkot
tell somebody the way – útbaigazítást ad valakinek
tell one from another – megkülönböztet valakit valakitől

Amennyiben a függő beszédet bevezető ige jelen vagy jövő időben, illetve Present Perfect-ben van (tehát például Mary mondja), akkor a feladat nagyon könnyű, hiszen az igeidőket nem kell egyeztetni, mindössze a helyes szórendre kell figyelni és még néhány egyéb apróságra: 

A szövegkörnyezettől függően, az alábbiak is megváltozhatnak: 

Tom says (in his office): I’ll be here again on Monday.
Tom azt mondja (az irodájában tartózkodva): Hétfőn újra itt leszek.

Outside the office (tehát ha nem az irodájában van): Tom says that he will be there again on Monday.

Az irodán kívül már ezt így tudjuk felidézni: Tom azt mondja, hogy újra ott lesz hétfőn. (Azért ott, mert mi nem vagyunk az irodában, ha ott lennénk, akkor lehetne az itt szót is használni.)

Ha az idézendő mondat Past Perfect-ben, vagy Past Continuous-ban van, akkor általában nem kell változtatni semmit. (Mivel a Past Perfect igeidőt már nem lehet „lejjebb” tenni, a Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous igeidővé való változtatása értelmi változással is járna (olyan cselekvésre vonatkozna, ami egy korábbi múltban elkezdődött, és a múlt egy adott pontján még tartott.)

Ha az idézendő mondat Past Perfect-ben, vagy Past Continuous-ban van, akkor általában nem kell változtatni semmit. (Mivel a Past Perfect igeidőt már nem lehet „lejjebb” tenni, a Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous igeidővé való változtatása értelmi változással is járna (olyan cselekvésre vonatkozna, ami egy korábbi múltban elkezdődött, és a múlt egy adott pontján még tartott.)

Direct Speech: ’I was reading while my parents were watching TV.’ – Mary said. Miközben olvastam, a szüleim TV-t néztek’ – mondta Mary.

Reported Speech: Mary said (that) she was reading while her parents were watching TV. Mary azt mondta, hogy miközben olvasott, a szülei TV-t néztek.

A 2nd és a 3rd Conditional (jelen és múlt idejű feltételes mondat) sem változik általában:

Direct Speech: ’If you studied more, you would pass the exam’ – Mary said. Ha többet tanulnál, átmennél a vizsgán.’ – mondta Mary.

Reported Speech: Mary said (that) if I studied more, I would pass the exam. Mary azt mondta, hogy ha többet tanulnék, átmennék a vizsgán.’

Direct Speech: ’If I had won the lottery, I would have bought a house.’ – Mary said. Ha megnyertem volna a lottót, vettem volna egy házat.” – mondta Mary.

Reported Speech: Mary said (that) if she had won the lottery, she would have bought a house. Mary azt mondta, hogy ha megnyerte volna a lottót, vett volna egy házat.

Már csak egy dolog maradt hátra, mégpedig az, hogy megnézzük mi történik a módbeli segédigékkel (modal verbs) reported speech-ben, azaz függő beszédben.

MÓDBELI SEGÉDIGÉK REPORTED SPEECHBEN

A would, could, used to, mustn’t, should, might, ought to és a had better nem változnak. 

Characters

Diego
Diego is the main character of Awkward Puppets. He loves drinking tequila, hates his wife, watches soccer games. He suffers through major anxiety and depression because of wife but he doesn’t want to get a divorce. He is played by Rudy Mancuso.

Sam
Sam is a character who enjoys bland food and who is friends with Diego, he is played by Rudy Mancuso.

Benita
Benita is the wife of Diego, she is played by Lele Pons.

Twon
Twon is a character who is also a cop, he is played by King Bach.

Sarah
Sarah is a character who is also a feminist and sometimes racist towards Diego. She is played by Maia Mitchell.

Carl & Carl
Carl and Carl are twin brothers who are also always stoned TV hosts, they are played by the Lucas Brothers.

sources (information; video): Wikitubia, youtube.fandom.com; The Translator, Awkward Puppets, Youtube

A következő feladatban döntsétek el, hogy az idézett mondatokat melyik opcióval mondhatnánk el függő beszédben.

A would, could, used to, mustn’t, should, might, ought to és a had better nem változnak.

She was more like a 1)……………. from a movie scene

I said don’t mind, but what do you mean I am the one

Who will 2)…………… on the floor in the round

She said I am the one who will dance on the floor in the round

She told me her name was 3)………….., as she caused a scene

Then every head turned with 4)…………. that dreamed of being the one

Who will dance on the floor in the round

People always told me be careful of what you do

And don’t go around 5)…………… young girls’ hearts

And mother always told me be careful of who you love

And be 6)…………… of what you do ’cause the lie becomes the truth

Billie Jean is not my 7)……………

She’s just a girl who claims that I am the one

But the kid is not my son

She says I am the one, but the kid is not my son

For forty days and forty 8)…………….

The law was on her side

But who can 9)……………. when she’s in demand

Her schemes and plans

’cause we danced on the floor in the round

So take my strong advice, just remember to always think twice

(do think twice.)

She told my baby we’d danced ’til three

Then she looked at me

She showed a photo of a 10)…………. crying

His eyes looked like mine

Go on dance on the floor in the round, baby

People always told me be careful of what you do

And don’t go around breaking young girls’ hearts

She came and stood right by me

Then the smell of sweet 11)…………….

This happened much too soon

She called me to her 12)…………..

Billie Jean is not my lover

She’s just a girl who claims that I am the one

But the kid is not my son

Billie Jean is not my lover

She’s just a girl who claims that I am the one

But the kid is not my son

She says I am the one, but the kid is not my son

She says I am the one, but the kid is not my son

Billie Jean is not my lover

She’s just a girl who claims that I am the one

But the kid is not my son

She says I am the one, but the kid is not my son

She says I am the one, she says he is my son

She says I am the one

Billie Jean is not my lover

Billie Jean is not my lover

Billie Jean is not my lover

Billie Jean is not my lover

Billie Jean is not my lover

Billie Jean is not my lover

Key: 1-beauty queen, 2-dance, 3-Billie Jean, 4- eyes, 5-breaking, 6-careful, 7-love, 8-nights, 9-stand, 10-baby, 11-perfume, 12-room

Michael Jackson – “Billie Jean”

She was more like a beauty queen from a movie scene

I said don’t mind, but what do you mean I am the one

Who will dance on the floor in the round

She said I am the one who will dance on the floor in the round

She told me her name was Billie Jean, as she caused a scene

Then every head turned with eyes that dreamed of being the one

Who will dance on the floor in the round

People always told me be careful of what you do

And don’t go around breaking young girls’ hearts

And mother always told me be careful of who you love

And be careful of what you do ’cause the lie becomes the truth

Billie Jean is not my lover

She’s just a girl who claims that I am the one

But the kid is not my son

She says I am the one, but the kid is not my son

For forty days and forty nights

The law was on her side

But who can stand when she’s in demand

Her schemes and plans

’cause we danced on the floor in the round

So take my strong advice, just remember to always think twice

(do think twice.)

She told my baby we’d danced ’til three

Then she looked at me

She showed a photo of a baby crying

His eyes looked like mine

Go on dance on the floor in the round, baby

People always told me be careful of what you do

And don’t go around breaking young girls’ hearts

She came and stood right by me

Then the smell of sweet perfume

This happened much too soon

She called me to her room

Billie Jean is not my lover

She’s just a girl who claims that I am the one

But the kid is not my son

Billie Jean is not my lover

She’s just a girl who claims that I am the one

But the kid is not my son

She says I am the one, but the kid is not my son

She says I am the one, but the kid is not my son

Billie Jean is not my lover

She’s just a girl who claims that I am the one

But the kid is not my son

She says I am the one, but the kid is not my son

She says I am the one, she says he is my son

She says I am the one

Billie Jean is not my lover

Billie Jean is not my lover

Billie Jean is not my lover

Billie Jean is not my lover

Billie Jean is not my lover

Billie Jean is not my lover

Mr Mann: Hello.
Roy: Hello. So, how can I help you?
Mr Mann: I’m looking to meet a woman with the name of Linda Williams.
Roy: Right. So you’re looking for a specific person.
Mr Mann: No. I’m looking to meet any woman of the name Linda Williams.
Roy: Any particular reason?
Mr Mann: I like that name.
Roy: Right.
Mr Mann: It’s not my favourite.
Roy: No?
Mr Mann: No. My favourite name is Catherine Drew. But in my time of life you can’t afford to be too picky. Because as I always say …
Roy: Right. OK. Let’s just take down your particulars. What age woman are you looking to meet?
Mr Mann: Oh, really, anybody between the ages of 38 and 39.
Roy: Right. Height?
Mr Mann: She should have some height, yes.
Roy: Hair?
Mr Mann: I do prefer it.
Roy: No. Any particular length?
Mr Mann: Oh. Anything form here to here.
Roy: Ok. Right. Well, I’ll just have a look in the file. Not anyone here. One moment! Margaret! Margaret!
Margaret: Yes?!
Roy: There’s a gentleman here and wants to know if we have any woman on file with the name of Linda Williams.
Margaret: We’ve got a Lindsay Williams.
Roy: We’ve got a Lindsay Williams.
Mr Mann: Absolutely no way.
Roy: Absolutely no way. Ah!
Margaret: Ah! There is a Linda Willis.
Roy: Oh, yes. There is a Linda Willis.
Mr Mann: Would she be interested in changing her name?
Roy: Would she be interested in changing her name?
Margaret: I don’t know.
Roy: She doesn’t know.
Mr Mann: Oh.
Roy: Oh.
Margaret: Roy! Have you seen the red file? I think there might be a Linda Williams in there.
Roy: Oh, yes! How funny! We do have a Linda Williams! She is 38. She’s got shoulder length hair. Very pretty!
Margaret: Well?!
Roy: Well?!
Mr Mann: Did I mention she should have a glass eye?
Roy: Margaret!

——————————————————————-

Mr Mann randizni szeretne. (Itt egy szóvicc jön, mert a date szó jelenthet randit és dátumot is).

Mr Mann: Jó napot!
Roy: Jó napot! Miben segíthetek?
Mr Mann: Szeretnék egy Linda Williams nevű nővel találkozni.
Roy: Rendben van. Akkor Ön tehát egy konkrét személyt keres.
Mr Mann: Nem. Bármilyen nő jó lesz, akit Linda Williams-nek hívnak.
Roy: Van ennek valami különös oka?
Mr Mann: Tetszik ez az név.
Roy: Rendben van.
Mr Mann: Ugyan nem a kedvencem.
Roy: Nem?
Mr Mann: Nem. A kedvenc nevem a Catherine Drew, de az én koromban már nem engedheti meg magának az ember, hogy túlságosan válogatós legyen. Mert ahogy én azt mindig is mondom ….
Roy: Rendben van. Akkor le is írnám a részleteket. Milyen korú nőt keres? 
Mr Mann: Tulajdonképpen bárki jó 38 és 39 éves kor között.
Roy: Rendben van. Magasság?
Mr Mann: Igen, jó lenne, ha lenne magassága is.
Roy: Haj?
Mr Mann: Kedvelném, ha lenne haja.
Roy: Nem erre gondoltam. Haj hosszúság?
Mr Mann: Oh. Bármi innentől idáig.
Roy: Rendben van. Nos, meg is nézem az aktát. Itt nincs senki. Egy pillanat. Margaret! Margaret!
Margaret: Igen?!
Roy: Van itt egy úriember, aki szeretné tudni, hogy van-e Linda Williams nevű hölgy az aktákban?
Margaret: Van egy Lindsay Williams.
Roy: Van egy Lindsay Williams.
Mr Mann: Ki van zárva.
Roy: Ki van zárva.
Margaret: Ah! Van egy Linda Willis.
Roy: Oh, igen. Van egy Linda Willis.
Mr Mann: Hajlandó lenne megváltoztatni a nevét?
Roy: Hajlandó lenne megváltoztatni a nevét?
Margaret: Nem tudom.
Roy: Nem tudja.
Mr Mann: Oh.
Roy: Oh.
Margaret: Roy! Megnézted már a piros aktát? Azt hiszem, ott kell lennie egy Linda Williams-nek.
Roy: Oh, igen! Milyen mókás! Van egy Linda Williams! 38 éves, vállig érő haja van. Nagyon csinos. 
Margaret: Nos?!
Roy: Nos?!
Mr Mann: Említettem már, hogy szeretném, ha üvegszeme lenne?
Roy: Margaret!

1. John: "Mandy is at home."
John said that ……………………………………………. .

2. Max: "I often read a book."
Max told me that ……………………………………………. .

3. Susan: "I’m watching TV."
Susan said that ……………………………………………. .

4. Simon: "David was ill."
Simon said that ……………………………………………. .

5. Stephen and Claire: "We have cleaned the windows."
Stephen and Claire told me that ……………………………………………. .

6. Charles: "I didn’t have time to do my homework."
Charles remarked that ……………………………………………. .

7. Mr Jones: "My mother will be 50 years old."
Mr Jones told me that ……………………………………………. .

8. Jean: "The boss must sign the letter.
Jean said that ……………………………………………. .

9. Emily: "My teacher will go to Leipzig tomorrow.
Emily said that ………………………………………………………. .

10. Helen: "I was writing a letter yesterday."
Helen told me that ………………………………………………………. .

11. Robert: "My father flew to Dallas last year."
Robert said that ………………………………………………………. .

12. Michael: "I’m going to read a book this week."
Michael told me that ………………………………………………………. .

13. Jason: "I’ll do my best in the exams tomorrow."
Jason told me that ………………………………………………………. .

14. Andrew: "We didn’t eat fish two days ago."
Andrew said to me that ………………………………………………………. .

15. Alice: "I spent all my pocket money last Monday."
Alice complained that ………………………………………………………. .

16. David: "John had already gone at six.
David said that ………………………………………………………. .

Answers:

1.John said that Mandy was at home.
2.Max told me that he often read a book.
3.Susan said that she was watching TV.
4.Simon said that David had been ill.
5.Stephen and Claire told me that they had cleaned the windows.
6.Charles remarked that he hadn’t had time to do his homework.
7.Mr Jones told me that his mother would be 50 years old.
8.Jean said that the boss had to sign the letter.
9.Emily said that her teacher would go to Leipzig the next day.
10.Helen told me that she had been writing a letter the day before.
11.Robert said that his father had flown to Dallas the year before.
12.Michael told me that he was going to read a book that week.
13.Jason told me that he would do his best in the exams the next day.
14.Andrew said to me that they hadn’t eaten fish two days before.
15Alice complained that she had spent all her pocket money the Monday before.
16.David said that John had already gone at six.

source: http://www.englisch-hilfen.de