After the carols have been sung,

After the greetings have been exchanged

After the candles have gone out

After the pews have been emptied

After the table has been cleared

After the presents have been opened

After the ornaments have been packed up

After the lights have come down

After the traditions and festivities have run their course…

What’s left of your Christmas?

1. Can you translate the script into Hungarian?

2. Can you translate these sentences into English?

Miután ettél és ittál

Miután karácsonyi filmeket néztél

Miután elköltöttél egy csomó pénzt

Miután meglátogattad a rokonaidat

Miután társasjátékot játszottál

Miután megünnepelted a karácsonyt

Key

1. Miután minden éneket elénekeltél,

Miután karácsonyi üdvözleteket küldtél és kaptál.

Miután elaludtak a gyertyák,

Miután kiürültek a templomi padsorok,

Miután leszedtétek az asztalt,

Miután kibontottad az ajándékokat,

Miután elpakoltad a díszeket,

Miután leszedted a karácsonyi fényeket,

Miután minden hagyomány és ünneplés lezajlott, úgy, ahogy szokás…

Mi marad meg a a Te karácsonyodból?

2. After you have eaten and drunk

After you have watched Christmas movies

After you have spent a lot of money

After you have visited your relatives    

After you have played board games

After you have celebrated Christmas.

by Clement Clarke Moore

‘Twas the night before Christmas, when all through the house

Not a creature was stirring, not even a mouse;

The stockings were hung by the chimney with care,

In hopes that St. Nicholas soon would be there;

The children were nestled all snug in their beds,

While visions of sugar-plums danced in their heads;

And mamma in her ‘kerchief, and I in my cap,

Had just settled down for a long winter’s nap,

When out on the lawn there arose such a clatter,

I sprang from the bed to see what was the matter.

Away to the window I flew like a flash,

Tore open the shutters and threw up the sash.

The moon on the breast of the new-fallen snow

Gave the lustre of mid-day to objects below,

When, what to my wondering eyes should appear,

But a miniature sleigh, and eight tiny reindeer,

With a little old driver, so lively and quick,

I knew in a moment it must be St. Nick.

More rapid than eagles his coursers they came,

And he whistled, and shouted, and called them by name;

“Now, DASHER! now, DANCER! now, PRANCER and VIXEN!

On, COMET! on CUPID! on, DONNER and BLITZEN!

To the top of the porch! to the top of the wall!

Now dash away! dash away! dash away all!”

As dry leaves that before the wild hurricane fly,

When they meet with an obstacle, mount to the sky,

So up to the house-top the coursers they flew,

With the sleigh full of toys, and St. Nicholas too.

And then, in a twinkling, I heard on the roof

The prancing and pawing of each little hoof.

As I drew in my hand, and was turning around,

Down the chimney St. Nicholas came with a bound.

He was dressed all in fur, from his head to his foot,

And his clothes were all tarnished with ashes and soot;

A bundle of toys he had flung on his back,

And he looked like a peddler just opening his pack.

His eyes — how they twinkled! his dimples how merry!

His cheeks were like roses, his nose like a cherry!

His droll little mouth was drawn up like a bow,

And the beard of his chin was as white as the snow;

The stump of a pipe he held tight in his teeth,

And the smoke it encircled his head like a wreath;

He had a broad face and a little round belly,

That shook, when he laughed like a bowlful of jelly.

He was chubby and plump, a right jolly old elf,

And I laughed when I saw him, in spite of myself;

A wink of his eye and a twist of his head,

Soon gave me to know I had nothing to dread;

He spoke not a word, but went straight to his work,

And filled all the stockings; then turned with a jerk,

And laying his finger aside of his nose,

And giving a nod, up the chimney he rose;

He sprang to his sleigh, to his team gave a whistle,

And away they all flew like the down of a thistle.

But I heard him exclaim, ere he drove out of sight,

HAPPY CHRISTMAS TO ALL, AND TO ALL A GOOD-NIGHT!

There are lots of verbs in the past tense in the poem. Give the present tense of the verbs.

Key

We use the structure be used to something/be used to doing something when we say that we are accustomed to something or something is normal for us, not strange or new. – Akkor használjuk, amikor azt akarjuk kifejezni, hogy hozzá vagyunk szokva valamihez vagy valami nem furcsa vagy új a számunkra, hanem normális, megszokott.

For example:

Jenny is used to driving on the left. – Jenny számára megszokott, hogy a bal oldalon vezet.

I’m not used to listening to loud music. – Nem vagyok szokva ahhoz, hogy hangosan hallgassak zenét.

2. Get Used To = hozzászokni valamihez, megszokni valamit

We use the structure get used to something/get used to doing something to say that something is in the process of becoming normal or common. – Akkor használjuk, amikor azt akarjuk kifejezni, hogy folyamatban van az, hogy valami normálissá, megszokottá váljon.

For example:

Ski instructors get used to cold weather. – A síoktatók hozzászoknak a hideg időjáráshoz.

Cindy had to get used to driving on the left. – Cindy-nek hozzá kellett szoknia a bal oldalon való vezetéshez.

3. Used to do = régebben/valaha csinált valaki valamit

We use the structure used to do something when we talk about something we did regularly in the past, but do not do it now. – Akkor használjuk, amikor azt akarjuk kifejezni, hogy régebben rendszeresen csináltunk valamit, amit többé már nem csinálunk.

For example:

He used to live in London. – Régebben Londonban élt.

We used to live there when I was a child. – Régebben ott éltünk, amikor gyerek voltam.

Negative form – Tagadás:

Subject + didn’t + use to + V(base).

He didn’t use to be a vegetarian. – Régebben nem volt vegetáriánus.

Question Form – Kérdő forma:

Did + subject + use to + V(base)?

Did he use to work in your office? – Régebben a ti irodátokban dolgozott?

Vigyázz: A kérdő és a tagadó szerkezetben a used to végéről lemarad a ’d’, és use to alakot használunk!

source: eslbuzz.com

Can you translate the following Hungarian sentences into English?

1. Valaha hittem a Mikulásban.

2. Szeretted a spenótot, amikor gyerek voltál?

3. Nincs hozzászokva a koránkeléshez.

4. A régi szép időkben a nők hosszú ruhákat hordtak.

5. Régebben nem szerettem olvasni, de már szeretek.

6. Már kezd hozzászokni az új iskolához?

Key

1. I used to believe in Santa Claus.

2. Did you use to like spinach when you were a child?

3. He/She is not used to getting up early.

4. In the good old days women used to wear long dresses.

5. I didn’t use to like reading, but now I do.

6. Is he/she getting used to the new school?

Would rather  is used to express a preference in English. – Angolban azt fejezzük ki a „would rather” –rel, hogy valaki inkább csinálna valami mást, jobban szeretne valami mást csinálni.

Magyarul: „inkább” , „jobban szeretni”

 I’d rather go out for dinner. I’m hungry! – Inkább elmennék valahová vacsorázni. Éhes vagyok.

We went to the theatre yesterday. Today I would rather go to the cinema. – Tegnap színházban voltunk. Ma inkább moziba mennék.

Peter’d rather spend time on the beach. – Péter inkább strandra menne.

I would rather learn a new language than study math. – Inkább megtanulnék egy új nyelvet matektanulás helyett.

I’d rather have fruit juice. – Inkább gyümölcslét innék.

Would you rather stay at home? – Inkább otthon maradnál?

Would they rather do homework tomorrow morning? – Inkább holnap reggel írnának házi feladatot?

Would rather…than

Would rather is often used with ‘than’ with two verbs or objects when making a choice between two specific actions. – A „would rather”-t gyakran használjuk „than”-nel és két igével vagy tárggyal, amikor valaki választ két konkrét dolog között.

Examples:

Would you rather work for Tom than for Mary? – Inkább Tomnak dolgoznál, mint Mary-nek?

She would rather play tennis than go horseback riding. – Inkább teniszezne, mint lovagolna.

Would Rather – For other People

”Would rather” is also used to express what one person prefers another person to do. – „Would rather”-rel azt is kifejezhetjük, hogy az egyik ember jobban szeretné, hogy egy másik ember mit csináljon.

I’d rather she didn’t come with us today. – Inkább azt szeretném, ha ma nem jönne velünk.

Tim would rather Peter didn’t join the company. – Tim jobban szeretné, ha Péter nem csatlakozna a céghez.

I would rather my son worked in finance. – Jobban szeretném, ha a fiam a pénzügyben dolgozna.

Susan would rather Peter took a plane. – Susan jobban szeretné, ha Péter repülővel utazna.

Would you rather he came with us to the meeting? – Inkább azt szeretnéd, ha velünk jönne az összejövetelre?

2. The Use of Prefer

We use ”prefer” to say we like one thing or activity more than another. We can use a prepositional phrase with to when we compare two things or actions – A „prefer”-t annak kifejezésére használjuk, ha előnyben részesítünk, jobban szeretünk egy dolgot vagy tevékenységet a másiknál. Prepozíciós szerkezetet használunk az összehasonlításhoz.

Magyarul: előnyben részesíteni, jobban szeretni

I prefer tea to coffee. – Jobban szeretem a teát a kávénál.

We prefer going by ferry to flying. – A repüléssel szemben előnyben részesítjük a kompot.

We can use a to-infinitive or an -ing form after prefer. – A „prefer” után „to + infinitive alakot, vagy –ing-es alakot használunk.

She’s not keen on coffee. She prefers to drink tea./ She prefers drinking tea to coffee.

 – Nem kedveli a kávét. Jobban szeret teát inni.

3. The use of Had better(‘d better)

We use „had better” to refer to the present or the future, to talk about actions we think people should do or which are desirable in a specific situation. – A „had better”-t annak kifejezésére használjuk, hogy egy másik embernek egy adott helyzetben mit lenne jobb, mit kellene csinálnia.

Magyarul: jobb lenne, ha

It’s five o’clock. I’d better go now before the traffic gets too bad. – Öt óra van. Jobb lenne, ha mennék, még mielőtt besűrűsödik a forgalom.

She’d better get here soon or she’ll miss the opening ceremony. – Jobb lenne, ha már ideérne, vagy le fogja késni a megnyitót.

I’d better not leave my bag there. Someone might steal it. – Jobb lenne nem itthagyni a táskámat. Még a végén valaki ellopja.

You’d better not tell Elizabeth about the broken glass – she’ll go crazy! – Jobb lenne, ha nem beszélnél Elizabeth-nek az eltört pohárról. Irtó mérges lesz, ha meghallja!

Hadn’t you better switch your computer off? It might overheat if you leave it on. – Nem lenne jobb, ha kikapcsolnád a számítógéped? Túlmelegedhet, ha bekapcsolva hagyod.

Rather, Better or Prefer? Fill in the gaps in the sentences.

1. You’d …..  stay here until the weather is better.

2. I’d …… work outside in this nice weather.

3. Would you …… wait until everyone has arrived?

4. You’d …… not ring them now. They’re probably sleeping.

5. I’d …… have a window seat than an aisle seat.

6. You’d …… stay in and study tonight for the exam tomorrow.

7. I …… orange juice to apple juice.

8. They’d …… have lunch inside because of the swarming insects.

9. I’m not a big fan of the bus I …… travelling by train.

10. Although I also love the beach, I think I ……   the mountains.

Key

1. better

2. rather

3. rather

4. better

5. rather

6. better

7. prefer

8. rather or better

9. prefer

10. prefer

When … ? How long … ? – practice exercises

I. Fill in the gaps with the right question word.

1. ……………….. did you buy your car?

2. ……………….. did you finish school?

3. ……………….. have you been working here?

4. ……………….. did you sister move to China?

5. ……………….. has Mike been playing for this team?

6. ……………….. have they posted the letter?

7. ……………….. did the war end?

8. ……………….. have you been learning the piano?

9. ……………….. did you decide to become a doctor?

10. ……………….. have the pupils been on holiday?

II. Fill in the gaps with SINCE and FOR.

1. I have been playing tennis ……………….. two hours.

2. My friends studied in Vienna ……………….. a year. Now they are back.

3. I have had a driving licence ……………….. 1998.

4. This shop has been open ……………….. 2005.

5. I haven’t eaten candy ……………….. I was a child.

6. The cookies have been in the oven ……………….. 15 minutes.

7. John hasn’t called me ……………….. the party.

8. The police have been looking for the murderer ……………….. two weeks.

9. I worked in this building ……………….. ten years. Then the company moved.

10. Mary and Eve have been waiting for the bus ……………….. ages.

answers:

I. WHEN: 1, 2, 4, 7, 9 HOW LONG: 3, 5, 6, 8, 10
II. SINCE: 3, 4, 5, 7 FOR: 1, 2, 6, 8, 9, 10

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Fill in the gaps with the verbs in Past Simple Tense. (Tricky: some verbs fit into more than one sentence!)

a) took
b) made
c) did
d) saw
e) gave
f) went
g) ate
h) lived
i) found
j) had

1) I ………. these photographs last week at his birthday party.
2) My sons ………. me a beautiful necklace for my birthday.
3) We ………. that movie last night.
4) He ………. to the supermarket to buy some wine for tonight.
5) I ………. a whole pizza by myself and now I feel sick.
6) They ………. in America for ten years.
7) I ………. scrambled eggs for breakfast this morning.
8) We ………. a great time in Prague last weekend.
9) She ………. her homework before going out to play.
10) He ………. an old box full of my grandmother’s love letters.

Answers: 1) a, 2, e, 3) d, 4) f, 5) g, 6) h, 7) b, 8) j, 9) c, 10) i

a) both
b) neither
c) either

2) They wanted ………. of the desserts we offered them because they don’t eat sweets.
a) either
b) neither
c) both

3) ………. my mother nor my father liked the movie I took them to see.
a) either
b) both
c) neither

4) She couldn’t decide which bag to buy because she liked them ………. .
a) both
b) either
c) neither

5) You can get there ………. by bus or tram very quickly.
a) either
b) both
c) neither

6) He likes ………. painting and singing in his free time.
a) either
b) both
c) neither

7) She invited ………. of us to dinner but only I could go.
a) both
b) neither
c) either

8) She took the test twice and she failed ………. times.
a) both
b) either
c) neither

9) I liked ………. the soup nor the main dish so I just ate dessert.
a) neither
b) either
c) both

10) Have you heard from ………. our mother or father this week?
a) neither
b) either
c) both

Answers: 1) b, 2) b, 3) c, 4) a, 5) a, 6) b, 7) a, 8) a, 9) a, 10) b