Finish the sentences with information from the interview.

Why Do Some People Feel Hotter or Colder Than Others?

1. In offices and homes there are familiar debates about ……… .

2. The main regulator of body temperature is ………. .

3. We feel hotter when ………. .

4. The differences in how we experience the same temperature are also caused by …….. .

5-7. Women tend to feel cold more often than men because ………  and because ………. and also because ………. .

8. Older people feel cold more often because ……… .

9. No wonder, arguments about temperature settings are so frequent as ………. .

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39,900Ft Original price was: 39,900Ft.29,900FtCurrent price is: 29,900Ft.

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Transcript: 

Why Do Some People Feel Hotter or Colder Than Others?

Host: When people’s temperature preferences are wildly different, it affects their social interactions — at workplaces, house parties, or even in the bedrooms we share with partners. Fierce debates about air conditioner and thermostat settings in offices and homes are familiar. This afternoon we talk to Michael Davidson, PhD, a clinical neuropsychologist, and an expert on the issue. If everyone’s body temperature stays somewhere around 37 degrees Celsius, why do we feel temperatures so differently?

MD: Well, the circulatory system is the main regulator of body temperature. So, anything that interferes with circulation can influence to what extent we feel hot or cold when others don’t.

H: So, what specific factors can influence our perceptions of temperature?

MD: If you’re stressed, your autonomic nervous system kicks in, causing blood to move toward your body’s core organs, making you feel hotter. Consuming spicy foods, caffeine, and alcohol can also raise our heart rates, making us feel hot and sweaty.

H: What about the differences in our physical makeup? I would suppose they also play a role here.

MD: Yes, certainly. Our diverse body shapes and sizes are also responsible for differences in how we experience the same temperature. If something is bigger and you’re waiting for it to cool down, it will take longer to cool down because the heat sink is larger.

H: Women tend to feel cold more often than men. Why is that?

MD: Women typically have less muscle mass and evaporate less heat through the pores in their skin, making them feel colder than men in a room with the same air temperature. Research also suggests women’s body temperatures are often higher than men’s, and when one’s body is warm, colder air feels even cooler.

H: Older people also complain of feeling cold more often.

MD: Well, there is a reason for that, too. Even when bodies are the same size, the amount of body fat inside can vary and affect how cold or hot we feel in comparison to others. The greater the amount of body fat, the warmer one feels. Older people often might feel colder than younger people, as the fat layer under the skin that conserves heat becomes thinner with age. Similarly, people who have inadequate body fat, for instance, due to an illness like anorexia, may also feel colder than people with sufficient or excess fat stores.

H: Are there other factors that play a role here?

MD: Oh yes. A lot of them, indeed. For instance, anything that affects our metabolism — the process of converting food to energy — also affects our perception of temperature. Often, women have a lower metabolic rate than men, which means their bodies produce less heat, making them feel colder.

H: I see. So actually, with so many factors influencing our perception of temperatures, it’s no wonder we find ourselves arguing so often on the temperature settings of air conditioners and thermostats.

Key:

Why Do Some People Feel Hotter or Colder Than Others? 

1. air conditioner and thermostat settings
2. the circulatory system
3. we are stressed and when we consume spicy foods, caffeine, and alcohol
4. diverse body shapes and sizes
5. (typically) they have less muscle mass and evaporate less heat
6. their body temperatures are often higher
7. they have a lower metabolic rate than men / their bodies produce less heat
8. the fat layer under the skin that conserves heat becomes thinner with age
9. so many factors influence our perception of temperatures

– Hot tea. Cheese and …… . Keep away from those …… .

– Any …… requests?

– Oh, no. Just …… .

– Fly safe. Don’t forget …… .

– I won’t.

– Easily done. …… , harrr!

– Dear Mrs. Claus,

My name is Jake and I am …… years old.

– Jake, stop taking my …… .

I have a big sister called Anna who is …… and sometimes …… .

– Get out!

– Dad!

– Jake!

I also have a dog called …… who loves eating things.

– Kill! Tiger! Kill!

– Jake, stop! Stop!

– I’m sorry.

This Christmas I need your …… . Because I want something. And I know you can …… it for me.

– Tiger, shh!

– Dad!

– Did you?

– Don’t look at me.

– All right, come on!

To Anna. Jake …… you to have this. With love. Mrs. Claus.

– Oh, Jake! Oh, thank you so much, Jake!

You might think I don’t like my sister very much. But I do. I love her …… . And I want her to be …… at Christmas.

Love, Jake

Age 6, but 7 in …… weeks

– Happy Christmas! How was your night?

– Oh, you know, …… .

– How did that get there?

– Well, it wouldn’t be fun if you knew all my …… .

Check your answers here.

– Hot tea. Cheese and pickle. Keep away from those mince pies.

– Any last-minute requests?

– Oh, no. Just bills.

– Fly safe. Don’t forget Australia.

– I won’t.

– Easily done. Rudolph, harrr!

– Dear Mrs. Claus,

My name is Jake and I am six years old.

– Jake, stop taking my things.

I have a big sister called Anna who is tall and sometimes angry.

– Get out!

– Dad!

– Jake!

I also have a dog called Tiger who loves eating things.

– Kill! Tiger! Kill!

– Jake, stop! Stop!

– I’m sorry.

This Christmas I need your help. Because I want something. And I know you can get it for me.

– Tiger, shh!

– Dad!

– Did you?

– Don’t look at me.

– All right, come on!

To Anna. Jake wanted you to have this. With love. Mrs. Claus.

– Oh, Jake! Oh, thank you so much, Jake!

You might think I don’t like my sister very much. But I do. I love her a lot. And I want het to be happy at Christmas.

Love, Jake

Age 6, but 7 in 2 weeks

– Happy Christmas! How was your night?

– Oh, you know, quiet.

– How did that get there?

– Well, it wouldn’t be fun if you knew all my secrets.

Listen to the article and decide if the statements are TRUE or FALSE.

1)     So far about 14 people have died in the floods in Germany, Austria, Switzerland and the Czech Republic. T/F
2)     The Danube in Passau reached its highest level in 70 years. T/F
3)     In Prague this is the worst flood in the past ten years. T/F
4)     There have even been fires in the Czech Republic caused by the flood damage. T/F
5)     The Czech Republic is fighting the flood with sandbag barriers and metal walls. T/F
6)     Angela Merkel has sent out the army to help control the situation. T/F
7)     Three German cities have issued disaster warnings. T/F
8)     2002 water level records have been broken in Passau. T/F
9)     Railway stations, subway networks and ship traffic have been closed in the affected European countries. T/F
10)  Meteorologists are expecting less rainfall in the following days. T/F

Answers: 1) F, 2) F, 3) T, 4) F, 5) T, 6) F, 7) F, 8) T, 9) F, 10) T

Officials across central Europe issued disaster warnings and scrambled to reinforce flood defences today as rivers swelled by days of heavy rain threatened to burst their banks. At least five people have died and nine are missing due to floods in Germany, Austria, Switzerland and the Czech Republic in recent days. The Danube in the southeast German city of Passau is expected to rise to its highest level in 70 years today and a spokesman for the city’s crisis centre said the situation has become ‘extremely dramatic’. In Prague, almost 2,700 people have been evacuated from low-lying areas as the country sees its worst flooding in a decade. Czech police said at least five people had died in the flooding. Firefighters evacuated homes in western regions and in villages outside the capital today and yesterday, rescuing 200 people. Czech officials said the waters of the Vltava river could reach critical levels in Prague and that special metal walls were being erected to prevent flooding. Interim Mayor Tomas Hudecek said they were shutting down eight stations of the capital’s subway network and urging people not to travel to the city. Flooding was also reported in Austria and water levels rose in Germany and Poland after heavy rain in central Europe over the past week swelled rivers. The subway network in central Prague was halted due to the weather. It is the first time it has been closed since massive floods submerged the city in 2002 and caused billions of dollars of damage in the Czech Republic. Czech Prime Minister Petr Necas declared a state of emergency for most of the nation on Sunday and pledged 300 million crowns ($15.11million) for relief efforts. Troops started putting anti-flood barriers in place in Prague and volunteers helped pile up sandbags in areas popular with tourists in the ancient centre. The landmark Charles Bridge was closed and workers evacuated parts of Prague zoo. Levels on the Vltava river that cuts through Prague’s centre continued to rise. In Germany, where at least four people have died or are missing, Chancellor Angela Merkel promised federal support for affected areas and said the army would be deployed if necessary. The water level had risen by at least five meters in Munich. Several cities including Chemnitz in the east of Germany, and Passau and Rosenheim in the south, issued disaster warnings. Passau, which is located at the confluence of three rivers, could see waters rise above record levels of 2002, said Mayor Juergen Dupper. German news agency dpa reported that large stretches of the Rhine, Main and Neckar rivers have been closed to ship traffic. Evacuations are also taking place in neighbouring Austria and Switzerland. Rivers also were spilling over their banks in some rural areas of south-western Poland, and people have been evacuated.  Meteorologists are predicting the rainfall will ease in the coming days.
source: dailymail.co.uk

to issue – kiadni, kibocsátani
disaster warning – katasztrófa figyelmeztetés
to scramble – küzdeni, tolongani
to reinforce – megerősíteni
flood defence – árvíz védelem
to swell – duzzadni
to threaten – veszélyeztetni, fenyegetni
to burst – szétszakítani, kitörni
to expect – számítani valamire
to rise – emelkedni
low-lying – alacsonyan fekvő
to erect – (fel)emelni
to prevent – (meg)akadályozni
to shut down – lezárni
to urge – sürgetni, ösztönözni
to halt – megállítani
to submerge – elmeríteni, elárasztani
damage – kár
to declare – kijelenteni
state of emergency – rendkívüli állapot
to pledge – fogadalmat tenni, ígérni
relief effort – segély
troop – csapat
barrier – gát, korlát, akadály
volunteer – önkéntes
to pile up – felhalmozni
affected –  érintett
to deploy – bevetni
confluence – egybetorkollás
stretch – szakasz
to spill over – átömleni, kiönteni
to predict – előrelátni, jósolni
to ease – enyhülni, csökkeni