Az -ed és -ing végződésű melléknevek

Are you bored or are you boring? Nem mindegy! Számos – főleg érzelmekre vonatkozó – melléknévnek van –ED és –ING végződésű formája, amelyeket a tanulók sokszor össze szoktak keverni. A legkönnyebben úgy lehet megjegyezni ezeket, hogy az –ED végződésűek személyre vonatkoznak (valaki valahogy érzi magát – pl. bored, interested, satisfied) az –ING végződésűek pedig dolgokra, amelyektől az ember az –ED végződésű melléknév által kifejezett módon érzi magát:-) Hogy ezt könnyebben meg lehessen érteni, lássunk pár példát!

… és így tovább! Most pedig tanuljunk meg néhány fontos és hasznos melléknevet! (Ezek egyébként mindig igéből képződnek, így az igét is meg fogom adni, ami az alapját képzi ezeknek a mellékneveknek.)

On Sale

Komplett angol nyelvtan rendszerező videókurzus

39,900Ft Original price was: 39,900Ft.29,900FtCurrent price is: 29,900Ft.

Kosárba teszem

On Sale

ANGOL Nyelvtan+Szókincs – átfogó 40 részes videókurzus, középfokra készülőknek is

59,900Ft Original price was: 59,900Ft.49,900FtCurrent price is: 49,900Ft.

Kosárba

On Sale

Kezdő szintről középfokra (Level 1-2-3-4-5)

95,500Ft Original price was: 95,500Ft.45,400FtCurrent price is: 45,400Ft.

Kosárba

smart dog– ügyes kutya
hungry people– éhes emberek
high building– magas épület

Éppúgy, mint a magyar nyelvben, az angolban is előfordulhat az, hogy egy dolognak több jelzője is van, ilyenkor azonban figyelni kell a helyes szórendre. A mellékneveket általában két csoportra lehet osztani: tényközlő és véleménykifejező melléknevek. Általában a véleménykifejező melléknevek megelőzik a tényközlő mellékneveket.

She has got nice (véleménykifejező) long (tényközlő) hair. – Szép hosszú haja van.
I had a delicious (véleménykifejező) cold (tényközlő) drink.– Ittam egy finom hideg italt.
We bought a beautiful (véleménykifejező) large (tényközlő) round (tényközlő) glass (tényközlő) table.– Vettünk egy szép nagy kerek üvegasztalt.

Amennyiben – mint az utolsó példamondatban is – több tényközlő melléknév van a mondatban, úgy a következők szerint szokták követni egymást:

HOW BIG (nagyság)  HOW OLD (kor) WHAT COLOUR (szín) WHERE FROM (eredet) WHAT IS IT MADE OF (miből készült) HATÁROZÓK

Angolul a melléknevekből nagyon egyszerűen tudunk határozókat képezni, egyszerűen a melléknév végére kell biggyesztenünk egy –ly végződést! Nézd csak!

quick– quickly
gyors – gyorsan
careful – carefully
óvatos – óvatosan
serious –seriously
komoly – komolyan
beautiful – beautifully
szép– szépen

TIPP:Nem minden –ly végződésű szó határozó! Ezek például nem: -), mert ezek „sima” melléknevek:

friendly –barátságos
lively– élénk
elderly– idős
lonely– magányos
silly – ostoba
lovely– bájos, pompás, remek

Azt is meg kell tanulnunk, hogy nem minden melléknévből tudunk –ly végződéssel határozót gyártani. Van néhány melléknév, amelyből rendhagyó módon képezzük a határozót:

GOOD – WELL

Your English is good.– Jó az angoltudásod.
You speak English well. – Jól beszélsz angolul.
Tony is a good violinist.– Tony jó hegedűs.
Tony plays the violin well.– Tony jól hegedül.

A következő kifejezésekben is a well szót használjuk:

well-dressed– jól öltözött
well-known– jól ismert
well-educated– jól nevelt
well-paid– jól fizető

FAST/HARD/LATE

Ez a három szó önmagában (mindenféle toldalék nélkül) lehet melléknév és határozó is:

My car is fast.– Gyors az autóm.
My car goes fast. – Gyorsan megy az autóm.
I am a hard worker.– Kemény dolgozó vagyok (Magyarul: Keményen dolgozom. – de ezzel nem tudnám érzékeltetni, hogy ez itt most melléknév)
I work hard. – Keményen dolgozom.
The plane was late.– Késett a repülő.
I got up late on Saturday. – Szombaton későn keltem fel.

TIPP:Van két szó, amelyeket nagyon sokakat megtévesztenek, ezért gyorsan elmondom a tudnivalókat róluk is!

HARDLY

Jelentése: alig, és semmi köze a HARD (kemény –melléknév, keményen – határozó) szóhoz, ami egymagában tud melléknév és határozó is lenni. Tehát még egyszer: a HARDLY azt jelenti, hogy ALIG!

I hardly ate anything yesterday.– Alig ettem valamit tegnap.

LATELY

Jelentése: az utóbbi időben. Nem pedig a LATE határozóvá alakított formája!

Have you seen Arthur lately?– Láttad Artúrt az utóbbi időben?

1) I have a huge cat. It is ………. a dog. 
a) bigger like
b) more big than
c) as big as

2) I like her because she is ………. girl in the whole school.
a) the nicer
b) the nicest
c) the most nice

3) Help me translate this letter. Your English is ………. mine.
a) more good
b) better than
c) good like

4) I understand why he married her. She is ………. girl I’ve ever seen.
a) the most beautiful
b) the beautifulest
c) a more beautiful

5) I am ………. anyone I know, so I have a chance of winning the race.
a) faster than
b) as fast like
c) much more fast than

6) I always wake up ………. my parents so I make them breakfast and coffee.
a) the earliest like
b) as early as
c) earlier than

7) I don’t want to see him again. He is ………. person I know.
a) as pleasant as
b) the least pleasant
c) less pleasant than

8) I would like to speak Italian ………. I do now .
a) much better than
b) more best than
c) more better as

9) I think you’ll like him. He loves animals ………. you.
a) as much as
b) a lot like
c) the most as

10) You should read this book. It’s ………. novel I have read in a long time.
a) the most interesting
b) more interesting
c) a much more interesting

Answers: 1) c, 2) b, 3) b, 4) a, 5) a, 6) c, 7) b, 8) a, 9) a, 10) a

KAPCSOLÓDÓ LECKÉK:

ALAPFOK

KÖZÉPFOK

FELSŐFOK

Nina Keneally started her service after chatting with the youth of New York’s Bushwick neighbourhood. People went to her for some tea and sympathy.

Do you not have a mum? Or have a mum but she’s far away? Or have a mum but you don’t like her? Do you have $40 to spare? Then you can now rent yourself a mum.

Nina Keneally has established a business in New York City renting out her services as a mother. She’ll listen to you talk about your problems. Make you some soup. Watch a movie with you.

After moving to the Brooklyn neighborhood of Bushwick two years ago, Keneally, 63, found that the youth in the famously hipster neighbourhood would often seek out her advice.

“As I got engaged in living here I ran into many of these young people,” she said.

Much of the appeal, according to Keneally, is that people can speak to her about issues they might not be able to discuss with an actual parent. Relationships. Their career. Or making alternative lifestyle choices, like becoming a vegan or deciding to become a goth or listening to Ryan Adams.

“I found many of them started just talking to me. I also heard many people talking to their friends about things they couldn’t talk to their parents about.”

With that, Need a Mom was born. Prospective clients contact Keneally through her website. They chat over email before deciding if they want to meet up for some maternal bonding.

“I decided to enlist Need a Mom’s services. She made me some toast. It was nice. She made me a cup of tea. It was also nice. We talked at length about some issues I am facing. Specifically a problem with one of my teeth, my quest for warm socks, and my love life.

Keneally was helpful. The tooth will be fine. I should invest in SmartWool socks. I should be myself on dates. I came away imbued with a sense of motherly love.”

As you might expect, and hope, Keneally has maternal experience. She has two sons, aged 30 and 27. She has also worked as a drug and rehabilitation counsellor, although she stresses she is not a therapist or doctor.

Business is picking up, Keneally says. She has a couple of regular clients, and has been receiving many requests.

A couple have been a little unusual, however. A 58-year-old man contacted her seeking to enlist her services. At 63, Keneally felt she might not quite be the mother figure he was seeking.

Another prospective client wanted her to fly to Europe for a several-day intensive mothering session. She decided against it.

source: The Guardian

A mother’s love is very important. How many positive adjectives can you think of to describe a mother?

Here is a bunch of adjectives for you:

loving, caring, encouraging, kind, sympathetic, effective, lovely, great, practical, useful, amazing, efficient, genuine, helpful, strengthening, superb, welcoming

How do you think this measures up to your birth order and your personality?

Do you know the opposites?

Key:

Pick the right form of the adjective.

1. Let’s go out. I’m ……………….. .

a) boring
b) bored

2. The work was so ……………….. that John fell asleep as soon as he got home.

a) exhausting
b) exhausted

3. The teacher was really ……………….. by the noise outside her classroom.

a) annoying
b) annoyed

4. Mary got some ……………….. news. She had to sit down she felt so faint.

a) shocking
b) shocked.

5. I’m really ……………….. with your attitude. I thought you wanted to be on the team.

a) disappointed
b) disappointing

6. Can you help me? This is my first time in New York and I’m a bit ……………….. .

a) confusing
b) confused

7. This looks like an ……………….. book. I’ll buy it as a Christmas present.

a) interesting
b) interested

8. Jim said his job was making him really ……………….. .

a) depressing
b) depressed

9. I never want to see him again. This was so ……………….. !

a) embarrassed
b) embarrassing

10. The children were so ……………….. they kept jumping up and down on the couch.

a) exciting
b) excited

11. The performance was absolutely ……………….. .

a) amazing
b) amazed

12. Daisy hates roller coasters. She’s ……………….. of heights.

a) terrifying
b) terrified

13. We went to the gym and did a really ……………….. aerobics class.

a) tiring
b) tired

14. I was not at all ……………….. when you jumped out and tried to scare me.

a) amused
b) amusing

15. This pizza is ……………….. . I’ll never go to this restaurant again.

a) disgusting
b) disgusted

answers: 1-b 2-a 3-b 4-a 5-a 6-b 7-a 8-b 9-b 10-b 11-a 12-b 13-a 14-a 15-a

Normal
0

false
false
false

EN-GB
X-NONE
X-NONE

/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:”Table Normal”;
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:””;
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0cm;
mso-para-margin-right:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0cm;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:”Calibri”,”sans-serif”;
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}

a) angry
b) brave
c) cheap
d) dark
e) easy
f) funny
g) giant
h) heavy
i) interesting
j) joyful

1) I couldn’t see anything it was so ………. in the room.
2) I lost my mother’s favourite necklace and she was very ………. .
3) He was very ………. when he went into the burning building to save the old lady.
4) Read this book if you have time. It’s very ………. .
5) The new guy is ………. and everybody looks so small next to him.
6) It’s not too expensive, but it isn’t ………. either.
7) He makes everybody laugh he is so ………. .
8) I’ll help you with that suitcase. It’s very ………. .
9) Everybody felt great so the party was very  ………. .
10) I’m sure I will pass the exam because it was very ………. .

Answers: 1) d, 2) a, 3) b, 4) i, 5) g, 6) c, 7) f, 8) h, 9) j, 10) e

Now match the adjectives with their antonyms.

1) angry
2) brave
3) cheap
4) dark
5) easy
6) funny
7) giant
8) heavy
9) interesting
10) joyful

a) boring
b) serious
c) tiny
d) calm
e) light
f) sad
g) difficult
h) timid
i) expensive
j) bright

Answers: 1) d, 2) h, 3) i, 4) j, 5) g, 6) b, 7) c, 8) e, 9) a, 10) f

angry – mérges
brave – bátor
cheap – olcsó
dark – sötét
easy – könnyű
funny – nevetséges, vicces
giant – óriási
heavy – nehéz (súlyra)
interesting – érdekes
joyful – örömteljes
boring – unalmas
serious – komoly
tiny – apró
calm – nyugodt
light – könnyű (súlyra)
sad – szomorú
difficult – nehéz, bonyolult
timid – félénk
expensive – drága
bright – világos, fényes

a) adorable
b) bleak
c) curvy
d) drab
e) elegant
f) flabby
g) gorgeous
h) handsome
i) quaint
j) strange

1) shapely
2) unfit
3) refined
4) cute
5) barren
6) stunning
7) good-looking
8) archaic
9) bizarre
10) dull

Answers: 1) c, 2) f, 3) e, 4) a, 5) b, 6) g, 7) h, 8) I, 9) j, 10) d

Most pedig válaszd ki a megfelelő melléknevet a mondatba! 

1) Isn’t she simply ………. with that new hairstyle. She turns heads wherever she goes.
a) cute
b) gorgeous
c) refined

2) I don’t think all women look good when they are thin. My sister is quite ………. and she still has loads of admirers.
a) flabby
b) curvy
c) shapeless

3) I wouldn’t go near that ………. old house even if you paid me to do it.
a) strange
b) cute
c) stunning

4) She is madly in love with her new boyfriend and says that he is as ………. as he is smart.
a) odd
b) shapely
c) handsome

5) You really must work out more. You are getting ………. .
a) flabby
b) bleak
c) drab

6) She could be very attractive if she didn’t wear such ………. clothes all the time.
a) drab
b) refined
c) barren

7) If you come, there’s this ………. little café that I want to show you. It’s wonderfully old-fashioned.
a) shapely
b) good-looking
c) quaint

8) My mother loves to look ………. at all times, so she wears her pearls and makeup even when she’s taking the garbage down.
a) elegant
b) adorable
c) curvy

9) I was really looking forward to camping on that deserted island but it wasn’t what we expected. It was ………. and depressing .
a) bleak
b) unfit
c) stunning

10) I got a puppy for my birthday and it’s absolutely ………. .
a) quaint
b) dull
c) adorable

Answers: 1) b, 2) b, 3) a, 4) c, 5) a, 6) a, 7) c, 8) a, 9) a, 10) c

adorable, cute – imádnivaló, aranyos, cuki
bleak, barren – kietlen, zord, kopár, sivár
curvy, shapely – formás
drab, dull – egyhangú, kopott, unalmas
elegant, refined – elegáns, kifinomult
flabby, unfit – petyhüdt,  edzetlen
gorgeous, stunning – gyönyörű, káprázatos
handsome, good-looking – jóképű
quaint, archaic – régies, ódon
strange, bizarre – különös, furcsa

2. wet
A: drye
B: dry
C: hot
D: cold
E: light

3. foolish, silly
A: dark
B: billy
C: easy
D: clever
E: bad

4. fat
A: heavy
B: thick
C: slin
D: slim
E: light

5. narrow
A: wide
B: deep
C: great
D: tall
E: thin

6. white
A: blak
B: dark
C: heavy
D: thick
E: black

7. crooked
A: heavy
B: straight
C: sharp
D: wide
E: tall

8. cold
A: wet
B: cool
C: hot
D: heavy
E: wett

9. left
A: down
B: up
C: right
D: wright
E: bright

10. sunny
A: cloudy
B: wet
C: cold
D: rainny
E: rainy

11. square
A: raund
B: rand
C: rawnd
D: rande
E: round

12. light
A: heavy
B: dark
C: easy
D: fat
E: thick

13. sour
A: salty
B: bitter
C: sweet
D: light

14. beautiful
A: ugly
B: fat
C: slim
D: heavy
E: easy

15. shallow
A: narrow
B: light
C: fat
D: deep
E: dep

16. negative
A: bad
B: minus
C: positive
D: possitive
E: positiv

17. nervous
A: calm
B: easy
C: fat
D: cool
E: depressed

18. dressed
A: naiked
B: naked
C: necked
D: naiced
E: naket

19. crowded
A: white
B: discrowded
C: fat
E: empty

20. sharp
A: keen
B: clever
C: unsharp
D: blunt
E: pick

Megoldások:
1.A 2.B 3.D 4.D 5.A 6.E 7.B 8.C 9.C 10.AE 11.E 12.AB 13.C 14.A 15.D 16.C 17.AD 18.B 19.E 20.D