skót történelem – Ingyenes Angol online nyelvtanulás minden nap

Mi lesz a brit zászló sorsa?

dr. Bülgözdi Imola — Thu, 18 Sep 2014 07:51:40 +0000

What will happen to the Union Jack?

The Union Jack is a composite of the flags of England and Scotland, plus Ireland’s cross of St Patrick, adopted prior to Irish Home Rule. The cross of St Andrew, the patron saint of Scotland, is also known as the Saltire – the term saltire being a heraldic symbol in the form of a diagonal cross.

In 1603 King James VI of Scotland inherited the crown of England and became King James I of England. At this point, although both kingdoms had the same king, they remained separate sovereign states with their own parliaments, judiciary, and laws.

In 1606 the King ordered a Union Flag to combine the Scottish Cross of St Andrew with England’s Cross of St George. According to the Flag Institute, over the following years the Union Flag became known colloquially as “the Jack” or the “King’s Jack”, and the term ‘jack’ was derived from the name for a small flag used on the bow of ships to indicate nationality. By 1674 the flag was officially recognised by the term Union Jack.

In 1707 the parliaments were united to form the Parliament of Great Britain, based at the Palace of Westminster in London. In 1801 the Kingdom of Great Britain united with the neighbouring Kingdom of Ireland and the cross of Saint Patrick was also incorporated into the Union Jack.

composite – összetett
prior to – valamit megelőzően
patron saint – védőszent
diagonal cross – harántkereszt
to inherit – örökölni
although – habár
sovereign state – független állam
judiciary – igazságszolgáltatás
colloquially – a köznyelvben
term – kifejezés
to be derived from – valahonnan származik
bow – hajóorr
to indicate – jelezni, megjelölni
to officially recognise – hivatalosan elismerni
to be incorporated into – belefoglalják

Match the words with the definitions.

1. to indicate	a) the system of courts of justice in a country
2. judiciary	b) despite the fact that
3. term	c) to receive something from someone after their death
4. to inherit	d) to show
5. although	e) a word having a particular meaning

answers: 1-d 2-a 3-e 4-c 5-b

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Skócia – egy kis történelem filmrészlettel

dr. Bülgözdi Imola — Sat, 13 Sep 2014 21:36:59 +0000

The Kingdom of Scotland

The first written records go back to Roman times: the Picts – a ferocious group of Celtic tribes – made the Romans retreat to Hadrian’s Wall in the north of England in the 3^rd century AD. In the 5^th century, the north-west of Scotland was settled by another Celtic tribe, the Gaels from Northern Ireland, whose language still survives among speakers of Scottish Gaelic. Around 58,000 people speak Scottish Gaelic at present, mainly on the islands of the Outer Hebrides.

During the 8^th century, all of Scotland’s small kingdoms were attacked by Vikings, against whom they united and formed the Kingdom of Scotland in the 9^th century. In the next centuries England became stronger and stronger and after successfully conquering Wales, Edward I of England tried to put his hand on Scotland as well, when the Scottish king and his heirs died. When the Scots refused, he not only crushed them in bloody battles in 1296, which earned him the nickname of Hammer of the Scots, but also confiscated the Stone of Scone – the Scottish coronation stone.

The Stone of Scone was placed in Westminster Abbey and used in the coronation ceremony for hundreds of years, including the 1953 coronation of Elizabeth II. Although Scottish students managed to steal the 152 kg stone and transport it to Scotland in 1950, the London police took it back from the altar of Arbroath Abbey. The Stone of Scone was finally returned in 1996 by the British Conservative Government and is now kept in Edinburgh Castle, along with the Crown Jewels of Scotland.

Following the attack by Edward I, Scotland fought back and the most significant Scottish national hero to this day showed his skill as military commander in 1297. At the Battle of Stirling Bridge, Sir William Wallace managed to defeat the English army although the Scots were greatly outnumbered. The Scottish nobles asked France for help, but the French king didn’t keep his promise. In 1304 they gave up the fight and accepted Edward I as their king, which Wallace refused to do. He was captured, brutally tortured and executed in 1305 at Edward I’s orders. Wallace became a martyr, the very symbol of Scotland’s struggle for freedom. But not all was lost: Robert the Bruce was crowned King of Scotland in 1306 and managed to defeat the English. For the next 400 years, Scotland remained an independent country.

Roman times – római kor
ferocious – vad
Celtic tribe – kelta törzs
AD – kr. u.
to settle – letelepedni
Scottish Gaelic – skót gael nyelv
to conquer – meghódítani
heir – örökös
to crush – szétzúzni, megsemmisíteni
nickname – becenév
to confiscate – elkobozni
coronation – koronázás
to manage to – sikerülni
altar – oltár
to return – visszaadni
Crown Jewels – koronaékszerek
significant – jelentős
national hero – nemzeti hős
military commander – katonai vezető
to defeat – legyőzni
although – habár
to outnumber – túlerőben lenni
noble – nemes
to accept as – elfogadni valaminek
to refuse to – elutasítani, megtagadni
to be tortured – megkínozzák
to be executed – kivégzik
struggle – küzdelem
independent – független

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