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POLITICAL SYSTEM IN HUNGARY
The Republic of Hungary is an independent, democratic and constitutional state. Since the constitutional amendment of October 23, 1989 the Hungarian state has been a republic, and the type of regime is parliamentary democracy, whereby the Prime Minister of Hungary is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is exercised by the unicameral National Assembly that consists of 386 members. Members of the National Assembly are elected for four years.
Executive power – government functions and the highest-level control of public administration – is exercised by the government, in which the Prime Minister plays a dominant role. The National Assembly elects the Prime Minister on the basis of the principle of parliamentary majority, concurrently approving the government programme.
The establishment of ministries is the prerogative of the National Assembly’; their list is set out in law. Ministries are headed by the ministers, who are members of the government. Senior officials of the ministries are the political and administrative under-secretaries.
The ministries of the Republic of Hungary
since the latest elections of 2006:
Prime Minister’s Office – Miniszterelnöki Hivatal
Ministry of Local Governments – Önkormányzati Minisztérium
Ministry of Agriculture and Regional Development – Földművelési és Vidékfejlesztési Minisztérium
Ministry of National Development and Economy – Nemzeti Fejelsztési és Gazdasági Minisztérium
Ministry of Environment and Water – Környezetvédelmi és Vízügyi Minisztérium
Ministry of Finance – Pénzügyminisztérium
Ministry of Health – Egészségügyi Minisztérium
Ministry of Social Affairs and Labour – Szociális és Munkaügyi Minisztrérium
Ministry of Transport, Telecommunication and Energy – Közlekedési, Hírközlési és Energiaügyi Minisztérium
Ministry of Defense – Honvédelmi Minisztérium
Ministry of Foreign Affairs – Külügyminisztérium
Ministry of Justice and Law Enforcement – Igazságügyi és Rendészeti Minisztérium
Ministry of Education and Culture – Oktatási és Kulturális Minisztérium |
The President of the Republic of Hungary is elected, with a secret ballot by a two-third majority vote, by the National Assembly; for a term of five years; persons eligible for the position are Hungarian citizens over the age of 35 years who have a right to vote.
The Head of State has the following powers: he signs and promulgates laws; he may adjourn the sessions of or dissolve the National Assembly, he sets the date for parliamentary elections; he has a one-time veto power over an Act of Parliament before signing it if he disagrees with it; he has wide-ranging powers to initiate measures; he gives the mandate to form the cabinet and the Prime Minister is elected by the National Assembly upon his proposal; he appoints ministers, undersecretaries, generals, judges of courts of law; he has the power of individual pardon (in the latter cases, with the counter-signature of the Prime Minister). The President of the Republic is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces, and has his own powers also in foreign affairs.
amendment – kiegészítés, helyesbítés
commander-in-chief – főparancsnok
concurrently – egyidejűleg
constitutional – alkotmányos
eligible – választható
establishment – alapítás, létesítés, létesítmény
executive power – végrehajtói hatalom
exercised by sb – vki által gyakorolt
government – kormány
independent – független
legislative power – törvényhozói hatalom
minister – miniszter
ministry – minisztérium
parliamentary elections – parlamenti választások
parliamentary majority – parlamenti többség
prerogative – előjog, kiváltság
public administration – közigazgatás
secret ballot – titkos szavazás
The Head of State – államfő
the power of individual pardon – egyéni kegyelem
The President of the Republic of Hungary – a Magyar Köztársaság elnöke
to adjourn – elnapol
to approve – jóváhagy
to be headed by sb – vki által vezetve
to be set out in law – törvényben van meghatározva
to dissolve – feloszlat
to elect – megválaszt
to give the mandate – mandátumot ad
to play a dominant role – meghatározó szerepet játszik
to promulgate a law – kihirdet
to set the date for sth – kijelöl időpontot vmire
under-secretary – államtitkár
veto power (over sth) – vétójog
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